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The content of The Journal of Orthopaedics and Spine (JOAS) are protected under international copyrights laws. The Journal, however, grants to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, perform and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works in any digital medium for any reasonable non-commercial purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship and ownership of the rights. The journal also grants the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal non-commercial use. Portico which is our third-party repository has permission to collect, preserve, and maintain copies of the publications of JOAS and its archives.

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All material published in the JOAS undergoes peer review to ensure fair balance, objectivity, independence, and relevance to educational needs. Neither the editors of the JOAS, nor its publishers, nor any other party involved in the preparation of material contained in the JOAS represent or warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of such material.

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Neither the JOAS nor its publishers nor anyone else involved in creating, producing or delivering the JOAS either in printed or web format or the materials contained therein, assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information provided in the JOAS either in printed or web format, nor shall they be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or punitive damages arising out of the use of the JOAS.

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